The RUN, CMD, and ENTRTPOINT instructions in the Dockerfile can all be used to specify the instructions running in the container, but there are subtle differences between the three.
simply put:
RUN
The RUN command is generally used to install software packages in the container or execute other commands, such as
RUN yum install -y telnet RUN touch web.xml
CMD
The CMD command is mainly used to indicate the command and parameters of the generated Docker image at startup. This command can be replaced by the command after docker run, such as the following Dockerfile file
FROM busybox CMD echo "hello world"
CMD specifies that the Docker image outputs a "hello world" at runtime
[root@bochs Docker]# docker build -t test . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB Step 1/2 : FROM busybox ---> 83aa35aa1c79 Step 2/2 : CMD echo "hello world" ---> Running in a1a4d74137d2 Removing intermediate container a1a4d74137d2 ---> 651b45b58fe9 Successfully built 651b45b58fe9 Successfully tagged test:latest [root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test hello world
But if you add other instructions after docker run. then CMD will be replaced directly
[root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test ls bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
ENTRYPOINT
ENTRYPOINT is similar to CMD, the difference is that ENTRYPOINT must be executed. If both ENTRYPOINT and
CMD, the parameters in CMD will be passed to ENTRYPOINT as additional parameters.
[root@bochs Docker]# cat Dockerfile FROM busybox ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo","hello"] CMD ["world"]
To run through docker run, CMD becomes the parameter of ENTRYPOINT:
[root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test2 hello world
But if you specify the parameter china of docker run, the output will become:
[root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test2 china hello china
The parameter world in the original CMD is replaced by china in docker run, but the hello that comes with ENTRYPOINT is still output normally
Shell and Exec formats
CMD, RUN, ENTRYPOINT can use two formats to pass commands and parameters. Shell is generally expressed as command + command, such as:
RUN yum install -y telnet CMD echo "hello world"
The first capitalized word is the instruction of the Dockerfile. It is followed by the command, which can be executed separately in the shell
The Exec format can be expressed as: instruction+["command","command parameter 1","command parameter 2",...], for example:
RUN ["yum","install","telnet"] ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash","-c","echo hello world"]
For these two formats, it is best to use the Exec format for CMD and ENTRYPOINT. The commands and parameters are separated, and the hierarchy is strong, while RUN can be used.
Note: The Shell format and Exec format of ENTRYPOINT are very different
For example, the following Shell format ENTRYPOINT
FROM busybox ENTRYPOINT echo "hello" CMD "world"
When running the generated container, only hello will be output, and the "world" in CMD will be ignored. The same docker run parameters will also be ignored
[root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test hello [root@bochs Docker]# docker run -it test china hello